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You can use Local Security Policy on stand-alone computers to designate one or more users, typically Administrator accounts, as data recovery agents. These data recovery agents (DRAs) are issued recovery certificates with public and private keys that are used for EFS data recovery operations. The default design for the EFS recovery policy is different in Windows XP Professional than it was in Windows 2000 Professional. In Windows XP Professional, stand-alone computers do not have a default DRA, but Microsoft strongly recommends that all environments have at least one designated DRA. In a Windows 2000 environment, if an administrator attempts to configure an EFS recovery policy with no recovery agent certificates, EFS is automatically disabled. In a Windows XP Professional environment, the same action allows users to encrypt files without a DRA. In a mixed environment, an empty EFS recovery policy turns off EFS on Windows 2000 computers, but eliminates the requirement for a DRA only on Windows XP Professional computers. When a domain user logs on at a domain computer that is within the scope of the EFS recovery policy, all DRA certificates are cached in the computer s certificate store. This means that EFS on every domain computer can easily access and use the DRA s public key (or multiple public keys if multiple DRAs are designated). On computers where an EFS recovery policy is in effect, every encrypted file contains at least one data recovery field, in which the file s FEK is encrypted by using the DRA s public key and stored. By using the associated private key, any designated DRA can decrypt any encrypted file within the scope of the EFS recovery policy. Warning

The private key for a DRA must be located on the computer where recovery operations are to be conducted.

Using the IIS Lockdown Tool Effectively The IIS Lockdown Tool should be run after IIS has been installed and updated. It will automatically perform some of the other recommended procedures for securing IIS, and it might also undo others, or even restrict some features so much that they won t work at all. Running the Lockdown Tool first allows you to review the changes it makes, implement additional changes it hasn t made, and undo changes you don t like.

Because each DRA has a distinct private key that can decrypt a file s FEK, data recovery discloses only the encrypted data, not the private keys of any user other than the DRA. A private key for recovery cannot decrypt the data decryption field (DDF). If there are multiple recovery agent accounts, each private key for recovery decrypts only its own data recovery field (DRF) and no other. Thus, there is no danger that an unauthorized recovery agent account can access information from the file that enables access to other files. Note

It is best not to encrypt files when you are logged on with a DRA account. The effectiveness of EFS recovery is compromised if a file s creator is both the user and the recovery agent.

For more information about encrypted file recovery, see Windows XP Professional Help and Support Center.

Avoid using FTP, if at all possible FTP passes unencrypted data, including user names and passwords, across the network. If you must provide FTP services, avoid using anonymous FTP. Anonymous FTP will allow anyone to access your FTP server, giving them whatever rights the IIS Anonymous account has on your Windows XP installation. To disable anonymous access, right-click Default FTP Site in the Internet Information Services snap-in (located in the Administrative Tools folder). Choose Properties, select the Security Accounts tab, and clear the Allow Anonymous Connections check box. A warning message will appear informing you that FTP logons are unencrypted. Click Yes, and then click OK. Configure IIS logging properly To identify attacks and track successful security violations, it is critical to properly log all attempted and successful accesses to IIS. To do this, follow these steps:

Part III:

For more information about how to change EFS recovery policy for the local computer, see Windows XP Professional Help and Support Center and Configuring Data Recovery Policy in a Stand-Alone Environment later in this chapter.

When designating DRAs for your files, it is important to keep the following considerations in mind: 1 Files are more secure, but less recoverable, if only one person can decrypt them If you choose not to designate any DRAs, be sure that user profiles are backed up regularly The user s private key, without which the file cannot be decrypted, is stored in the user profile Additionally, because users can have multiple profiles on multiple computers or might have a roaming profile, be sure that all profiles are being backed up This is especially true for notebook computers If the user logs on with a local account and encrypts a file, the private key for that transaction is contained in the user profile for the local account, not the user s domain account profile.

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Tools folder. Expand Web Sites in the left pane of the console, and click Default Web Site, as shown here.